Finance terms starting with C

41 terms starting with C

Cap rate

A cap rate is either a ceiling written into a variable interest rate, or, in property, short for capitalisation rate: net operating income divided by value.

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Capital allowances

Capital allowances are the tax deductions you can claim for the decline in value of depreciating assets, such as plant and equipment, that you hold to produce assessable income.

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Capital expenditure (CapEx)

Capital expenditure (CapEx) is money a business spends to buy or improve fixed assets such as buildings, plant and vehicles, rather than on day-to-day running costs.

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Capital gains tax (CGT)

Capital gains tax (CGT) is the income tax you pay on the net profit from selling or disposing of an asset, added to your income rather than charged separately.

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Captive lessor

A captive lessor is a finance company owned or sponsored by a manufacturer, distributor or dealer network that exists mainly to provide leasing and finance supporting the vendor's sales.

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Car loan

A car loan is a credit contract used to buy a vehicle: the lender provides the funds and you repay them over time with interest.

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Cash flow

Cash flow is the movement of money into and out of a business over a period; unlike profit, it tracks actual receipts and payments, so it measures liquidity.

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Cash rate

The cash rate is the interest rate the RBA targets for overnight loans between banks, the benchmark that anchors short-term funding costs and influences most Australian lending rates.

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Cashflow loan

A cashflow loan is short-term business finance assessed on your recent trading cashflow and receivables rather than pledged assets, covering payroll, supplier bills or stock before customer payments arrive.

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Caveat

A caveat is a notice lodged on a property title that warns others of a claimed interest and blocks most dealings until it is resolved.

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Chattel mortgage

A chattel mortgage is a business loan for a vehicle or equipment: you own the asset from settlement and the lender holds a security interest until it is repaid.

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Clawbacks

Clawbacks are contract clauses that let a lender or aggregator recover commission already paid to a broker when a loan is repaid, refinanced or discharged within a set period.

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Collateral

Collateral is the property a borrower pledges to a lender as security for a loan, which the lender can sell if the borrower defaults.

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Collateral risk

Collateral risk is the chance that an asset pledged as security fails to cover the exposure because it falls in value, cannot be sold quickly or cannot be enforced.

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Collections

Collections is the recovery process a lender, creditor or business runs when payments fall overdue: reminders, calls, payment plans and hardship offers, then referral to agencies or legal action.

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Commercial loan

A commercial loan is credit provided to a company, trust or other business structure to fund business activities such as property, equipment or working capital, not personal spending.

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Commissions

Commissions are payments a lender or product issuer makes to a broker, adviser or referrer for arranging or servicing a financial product, paid upfront, as ongoing trail or both.

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Commitment letter

A commitment letter is a document from a lender confirming it will provide a specified amount of finance on stated terms, subject to listed conditions being met before drawdown.

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Company

A company is a separate legal entity, formed under the Corporations Act 2001, that can own property, borrow and be sued in its own name, independently of its shareholders.

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Comparison rate

A comparison rate is a single annual percentage that combines a loan's interest rate with most upfront and ongoing fees to show its ongoing cost more clearly.

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Compliance

Compliance is the work a business does to meet the laws, licence conditions and industry rules that apply to it, and to prove it has.

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Compound interest

Compound interest is interest calculated on both the original principal and the interest already added in earlier periods, so balances and debts grow faster than with simple interest.

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Comprehensive car insurance

Comprehensive car insurance is the broadest level of motor cover, paying for damage to your own car as well as damage you cause to other people's property.

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Comprehensive credit reporting (CCR)

Comprehensive credit reporting (CCR) is the system under which lenders share positive credit information, such as repayment history and credit limits, as well as defaults, on your credit file.

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Conditional sale

A conditional sale is a contract where the buyer takes possession of goods but the seller keeps legal title until a stated condition, usually full payment, is met.

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Construction loan

A construction loan is a loan that pays for building work in stages, releasing funds as a new home, rebuild, extension or commercial development reaches each milestone.

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Consumer credit

Consumer credit is a loan, credit card, consumer lease or other credit provided mainly for personal, household or domestic purposes and regulated by the National Credit Code.

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Contents insurance

Contents insurance is cover for the belongings inside your home, paying to repair or replace items damaged or stolen in an insured event.

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Contract hire

Contract hire is a fixed-term vehicle or equipment lease where a business pays fixed rentals for exclusive use of the asset while the lessor keeps ownership and resale risk.

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Counter-terrorism finance (CTF)

Counter-terrorism finance (CTF) is the set of controls that prevent, detect and cut off funds flowing to terrorists, which Australian reporting entities must apply under the AML/CTF Act.

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Covenants

Covenants are promises, obligations or restrictions written into a contract or recorded on land title that bind the parties, such as a borrower's promise to maintain minimum interest cover.

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Credit

Credit is the ability to borrow money or receive goods and services now in return for a promise to repay later, usually with interest and fees on agreed terms.

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Credit card

A credit card is a form of revolving credit that lets you borrow up to a pre-approved limit for purchases, cash advances or short-term finance.

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Credit guide

A credit guide is a prescribed disclosure document that a broker or credit licensee must give a consumer before providing credit assistance, covering licence details, remuneration and complaints handling.

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Credit loss

Credit loss is the amount a lender or creditor expects not to recover from a loan, trade receivable or lease because the borrower fails to pay.

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Credit rating

A credit rating is an independent assessment of how likely a government, company or debt issue is to meet its obligations on time, graded from AAA down to D.

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Credit risk

Credit risk is the possibility that a borrower or counterparty will default on their contractual repayments, leaving the lender or investor with a loss.

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Credit score

A credit score is a number calculated from your credit report that tells lenders how likely you are to repay, based on your borrowing history.

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Creditor

A creditor is a person, business or lender that is owed money by someone else, usually under a loan, an invoice or a supply agreement.

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Cross-collateralisation

Cross-collateralisation is a lending arrangement where one lender holds more than one of your assets as security, or one asset for more than one loan, tying them together.

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Cross-default

Cross-default is a loan clause that puts you in default on one facility as soon as you default on another finance agreement.

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